✍️ WAT Concepts

XLRI WAT Topics: Ethics-Focused Questions & Sample Essays (2025)

Complete guide to XLRI WAT topics covering ethics, business, social & technology questions. Includes actual 2025 topics, sample essays, and unknown topic strategies.

XLRI WAT Topics: What Makes Them Different

“Integrity without knowledge is weak; knowledge without integrity is dangerous.” This Samuel Johnson quote captures exactly what XLRI evaluators seek in your WAT essay. Unlike any IIM, XLRI—India’s oldest private B-school with Jesuit foundations—doesn’t just want to see how you think. They want to see what you value.

At XLRI, the WAT isn’t a test of argumentation skill alone. It’s a window into your moral reasoning. The same topic that appears at IIM-Bangalore (“Should companies take political stands?”) requires a fundamentally different approach at XLRI. Here, you’re not just analyzing stakeholders—you’re revealing your ethical compass.

20 min
WAT Duration
250-300
Word Limit
85%+
Ethics-Related Topics

The XLRI Difference: Values-Based Selection

1
Jesuit Heritage
Founded in 1949 by Jesuits, XLRI carries a distinct mission: developing ethical business leaders who serve society. This isn’t marketing—it’s embedded in their selection criteria.
2
Moral Reasoning Focus
XLRI tests how you reason through ethical dilemmas. They want to see nuance, not absolutism. A topic like “Is profit compatible with purpose?” isn’t about picking sides—it’s about showing you understand the tension.
3
HR Program (PMIR) Distinction
XLRI’s HR program (PMIR) has distinct topic styles focusing on labor rights, workplace dignity, and organizational behavior. BM candidates see more strategy-ethics intersections.
4
WAT-PI Consistency Check
At XLRI, PI panelists almost ALWAYS read your WAT before interviewing you. If you write about ethical leadership but can’t defend it verbally, that’s a red flag.
⚠️ Critical XLRI Insight

Unlike IIMs where WAT and PI are often separate evaluations, XLRI values consistency. A panelist who reads your essay arguing that “business must prioritize purpose over profit” will probe this in your interview. Don’t write positions you can’t defend verbally—evaluators are looking for authenticity, not performance.

Coach’s Perspective
Here’s what most students get wrong about XLRI WAT: they think “ethics-focused” means taking the moral high ground on everything. It doesn’t. XLRI wants to see that you understand ethical complexity, not that you’ve memorized the “right” answers. When Patagonia transferred its $3 billion company to a climate trust, some called it visionary—others called it tax avoidance. A strong XLRI essay acknowledges both perspectives before offering nuanced synthesis. The worst thing you can do is sound preachy.

WAT Topics 2025 List: Actual XLRI Questions

XLRI WAT topics cluster around five major themes: business ethics, social responsibility, workplace dynamics, technology ethics, and philosophical questions about purpose and values. Here are verified topics from 2024-25 sessions, plus predicted themes for upcoming seasons.

Verified XLRI WAT Topics (2024-25)

Topic Category Key Tension Difficulty
“Is profit compatible with purpose?” Business Ethics Shareholder vs. stakeholder capitalism ★★
“Does corporate social responsibility go far enough?” Corporate Responsibility CSR as genuine vs. performative ★★
“Can business be a force for good?” Business Ethics Profit motive vs. social impact ★★
“The ethical implications of AI in hiring” Technology Ethics Efficiency vs. fairness/bias ★★★
“Should companies take political stands?” Corporate Responsibility Corporate voice vs. neutrality ★★

XLRI Topic Categories: Distribution Analysis

Most Common at XLRI: Business ethics topics dominate, testing your ability to navigate profit-purpose tensions.

  • “Is profit the only responsibility of business?”
  • “Should companies prioritize shareholders or stakeholders?”
  • “Is greenwashing worse than doing nothing?”
  • “Should executives be personally liable for corporate crimes?”
  • “Is it ethical to profit from addiction (tobacco, gambling, social media)?”
  • “Is aggressive tax avoidance ethical?”

XLRI’s Jesuit Focus: Topics on social impact, inequality, and community responsibility.

  • “Is philanthropy an adequate substitute for fair wages?”
  • “Should inherited wealth be limited?”
  • “Is meritocracy a myth?”
  • “Should the rich pay significantly higher taxes?”
  • “Is cancel culture a force for good or harm?”
  • “Should we prioritize equality of opportunity or equality of outcome?”

Especially for PMIR: HR-focused topics on dignity, fairness, and workplace dynamics.

  • “The gig economy: Opportunity or exploitation?”
  • “Is work-life balance a myth?”
  • “Should companies mandate return to office?”
  • “Is hustle culture toxic?”
  • “Should companies allow moonlighting?”
  • “Should salary be transparent within organizations?”

Emerging Focus: Technology ethics topics are increasing, especially AI-related.

  • “The ethical implications of AI in hiring”
  • “Is surveillance capitalism acceptable?”
  • “Should AI development be regulated?”
  • “Is privacy dead in the digital age?”
  • “Should tech platforms be responsible for user content?”
  • “Deepfakes and truth in the digital age”

Rare but Possible: XLRI occasionally uses abstract topics, but always with ethical undertones.

  • “Does the end justify the means?”
  • “Is it better to be feared or loved?”
  • “What makes a life well-lived?”
  • “Can money buy happiness?”
  • “Is free will an illusion?”
💡 2025-26 Topic Predictions

Based on current trends and XLRI’s focus areas, expect questions on: AI ethics in recruitment and performance management, corporate responsibility during economic downturns, gig worker rights and social security, ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) mandates—genuine or greenwashing?, and mental health in competitive work environments. The 2024 Hindenburg-Adani controversy may also inspire questions on whistleblowing and corporate accountability.

WAT Abstract Topics: The XLRI Ethics Twist

Abstract topics at XLRI are rare (only ~5% of questions), but they’re never truly abstract. Every philosophical question at XLRI has an ethical dimension waiting to be uncovered. “Does the end justify the means?” isn’t a thought experiment—it’s a question about corporate ethics, leadership decisions, and moral boundaries in business.

How XLRI Abstract Topics Differ

Abstract Topic IIM-K/L Approach XLRI Approach
“Does the end justify the means?” Philosophical exploration of consequentialism vs. deontology with creative examples Business ethics angle: When can leaders cut corners? Enron vs. Tata’s long-term view
“Is it better to be feared or loved?” Machiavellian analysis with historical leadership examples Leadership ethics: Servant leadership vs. authoritarian management—what works ethically?
“Knowledge is power” Information age, education, intellectual capital discussion Power imbalance ethics: Data privacy, information asymmetry, corporate responsibility in knowledge access
“The grass is always greener on the other side” Human nature, ambition, contentment exploration Workplace ethics: Job-hopping culture, employee loyalty, organizational commitment vs. self-interest

The 3-Step XLRI Abstract Framework

1
Find the Ethical Core
Every XLRI abstract topic has an ethical dimension. Ask: “What moral question is this really asking?”

“Success has many fathers, failure is an orphan” → Accountability ethics in organizations
2
Ground in Business Reality
Connect abstraction to concrete business scenarios. Use Indian examples when possible—XLRI values this.

Tata’s ethical handling of the 2008 Mumbai attacks shows corporate responsibility in crisis.
3
Show Nuanced Position
Avoid absolutism. XLRI wants to see that you understand complexity—that ethical decisions rarely have clear-cut answers.

“While [principle], the challenge lies in [tension]. The way forward requires [balanced approach].”
Coach’s Perspective
Students often panic when they see an abstract topic at XLRI. “Blue is better than Yellow” at IIM-K is genuinely abstract—you could go anywhere with it. But at XLRI, even their abstract topics have ethical undertones. Your job is to find that ethical thread and pull it. “Does the end justify the means?” isn’t asking for a philosophy lecture—it’s asking whether it’s okay for a company to achieve great results through questionable methods. Think Theranos. Think Volkswagen emissions scandal. That’s where your essay should live.

WAT Business Topics: Leadership & Corporate Ethics

Business topics dominate XLRI’s WAT—but not the kind you’d find at IIM-A or ISB. While those schools focus on strategy and decision-making, XLRI business topics center on ethical dimensions of corporate action. “Is profit the only responsibility of business?” isn’t asking for stakeholder analysis—it’s asking what you believe businesses owe society.

Core XLRI Business Topic Categories

Category Sample Topics XLRI’s Focus
Profit vs. Purpose “Is profit compatible with purpose?”
“Should companies prioritize shareholders or stakeholders?”
Moral obligation of business beyond legal compliance
Corporate Responsibility “Does CSR go far enough?”
“Can business be a force for good?”
Genuine impact vs. performative virtue signaling
Leadership Ethics “Should CEOs be activists?”
“Are leaders born or made?”
Moral courage, servant leadership, accountability
Corporate Accountability “Should executives be personally liable?”
“Should whistleblowers be protected?”
Personal responsibility in organizational failure

The XLRI Business Topic Formula

Here’s a proven structure for XLRI business ethics topics:

💡 XLRI Business Topic Structure

HOOK: Indian business example showing ethical tension (Tata, Infosys, recent controversy)
THESIS: Nuanced position acknowledging complexity (“While X, the reality is Y”)
ARGUMENT 1: Business case for ethical position (it’s also good business)
ARGUMENT 2: Stakeholder perspective (employees, community, environment)
COUNTER: Acknowledge practical challenges or opposing view
SYNTHESIS: Multi-stakeholder solution with specific actions (use verbs!)

XLRI-Style Business Topics: Practice Bank

XLRI Business Topics for Practice
0 of 12 complete
  • “Is profit the only responsibility of business?”
  • “Is greenwashing worse than doing nothing?”
  • “Should companies refuse to do business with unethical regimes?”
  • “Is planned obsolescence ethical?”
  • “Should executives be personally liable for corporate crimes?”
  • “Is it ethical to profit from addiction (tobacco, gambling, social media)?”
  • “Should companies take political stands?”
  • “Is disruption overrated? (Consider workers displaced)”
  • “Should family businesses prioritize professionalization over values?”
  • “Is aggressive tax avoidance ethical?”
  • “Should whistleblowers be protected or prosecuted?”
  • “Is servant leadership effective in competitive industries?”

Go-To Examples for XLRI Business Topics

Example Use For Key Point
Tata Group Ethics, nation-building, long-term thinking Ratan Tata’s handling of 26/11 victims; Tata Steel’s community focus
Patagonia Purpose over profit, sustainability $3 billion company transferred to climate trust (2022)
Infosys (Murthy era) Governance, transparency, Indian IT ethics Voluntary disclosure standards above legal requirements
Theranos Corporate fraud, ends vs. means How “changing the world” became cover for deception
Enron/VW Emissions Corporate crime, accountability Systemic failure of ethics at organizational level

WAT Factual Topics: Policy Through an Ethics Lens

Factual or policy-based topics at XLRI are never purely analytical. While IIM-B might ask “Should India implement UBI?” and expect economic analysis, XLRI’s version would probe the ethical dimensions: Does UBI preserve dignity? Does it create dependency? What do we owe our fellow citizens?

How XLRI Transforms Factual Topics

Standard Policy Topic 🏛️ IIM-B Expects ⚖️ XLRI Expects
“Gig economy: Opportunity or exploitation?” Economic analysis: GDP contribution, employment numbers, market efficiency Ethics angle: Worker dignity, social security as moral obligation, power imbalance
“Should voting be compulsory?” Democratic theory: Participation rates, implementation challenges, global examples Ethics angle: Civic duty vs. individual freedom, informed consent, marginalized voices
“Is reservation policy still relevant?” Policy analysis: EWS data, creamy layer, economic vs. social markers Ethics angle: Historical justice, equality vs. equity, moral debt across generations
“Should India privatize PSUs?” Economic efficiency: Performance metrics, fiscal benefits, global trends Ethics angle: Public good vs. profit motive, worker welfare, essential services as rights

XLRI-Style Policy Topics: Practice Bank

Topic Category XLRI Ethical Angle Difficulty
“Is meritocracy a myth?” Social Policy Privilege, systemic barriers, what people truly “deserve” ★★★
“Should India have universal healthcare?” Healthcare Policy Healthcare as right vs. privilege, state’s moral obligation ★★
“Is economic growth compatible with sustainability?” Environment-Economy Intergenerational justice, who bears the cost of progress ★★
“Should there be limits to free speech?” Rights & Liberties Individual freedom vs. collective harm, power of words ★★★
“Should organ donation be opt-out?” Healthcare Ethics Bodily autonomy, presumed consent, saving lives vs. choice ★★
💡 High-Value Statistics for XLRI Policy Topics

Gig Economy: 7.7 million workers, less than 5% have social security coverage
Income Inequality: Top 10% hold 77% of national wealth (Credit Suisse 2023)
Women’s Workforce: Female LFPR dropped from 32% (2005) to 24% (2020)
Healthcare Access: Out-of-pocket health spending is 55% in India vs. 11% OECD average
Climate Justice: India’s per capita emissions are 1/10th of USA’s, but bears disproportionate climate impact

Coach’s Perspective
Here’s the key insight for XLRI policy topics: facts alone don’t win you marks—ethical framing does. When you write about the gig economy, yes, mention the 7.7 million workers and economic flexibility. But the XLRI evaluator wants to know: Do you see these workers as individuals with dignity, or just as economic units? Do you think a company that profits from their labor has any obligation beyond the contractual minimum? That’s where your essay should spend its energy. The facts are just scaffolding—the ethics is the house.

WAT Social Topics: Community & Responsibility

Social topics are XLRI’s sweet spot. Rooted in Jesuit philosophy of “men and women for others,” XLRI WAT frequently tests your views on social responsibility, inequality, community, and what we owe each other. These topics ask: What kind of society do you want to build? What are your responsibilities beyond self-interest?

XLRI Social Topics: Core Themes

1
Wealth & Inequality
Topics: “Should inherited wealth be limited?” • “Should the rich pay significantly higher taxes?” • “Is philanthropy an adequate substitute for fair wages?”

XLRI angle: Justice, redistribution, what the fortunate owe the less fortunate.
2
Opportunity & Fairness
Topics: “Is meritocracy a myth?” • “Should we prioritize equality of opportunity or outcome?” • “Is the coaching industry a symptom or cause?”

XLRI angle: Systemic barriers, privilege, level playing field illusion.
3
Culture & Values
Topics: “Traditional values in modern India: Asset or liability?” • “Is cancel culture a force for good?” • “Should we judge historical figures by today’s standards?”

XLRI angle: Cultural continuity vs. progress, moral evolution.
4
Community & Responsibility
Topics: “Is urbanization good for India?” • “Is the joint family system dying—good or bad?” • “Should individual action matter in fighting climate change?”

XLRI angle: Individual vs. collective, community bonds, shared responsibility.

XLRI Social Topics: Do’s and Don’ts

✅ Do This at XLRI
  • Show genuine concern for marginalized groups
  • Balance individual rights with collective welfare
  • Use Indian examples (Tata Trusts, Akshaya Patra)
  • Acknowledge complexity in social issues
  • Propose specific, actionable solutions with verbs
  • Connect to XLRI’s Jesuit values naturally (don’t force it)
❌ Don’t Do This
  • Sound preachy or self-righteous
  • Take extreme positions (“all rich people are evil”)
  • Ignore economic realities entirely
  • Use only Western examples (Patagonia is fine, but add Indian ones)
  • Fence-sit without offering a perspective
  • Pander by saying what you think XLRI wants to hear (they can tell)

Go-To Quotes for XLRI Social Topics

Quote Speaker Use For
“In a gentle way, you can shake the world.” Mahatma Gandhi Social change, activism, peaceful transformation
“If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.” African Proverb Community, collective action, collaboration
“No one has ever become poor by giving.” Anne Frank Philanthropy, generosity, social responsibility
“The measure of a society is how it treats its weakest members.” Often attributed to Gandhi Social justice, marginalized groups, welfare
“Dream is not that which you see while sleeping, it is something that does not let you sleep.” APJ Abdul Kalam Vision, purpose, social transformation

WAT Technology Topics: AI, Privacy & Digital Ethics

Technology topics at XLRI are surging—up from 5% in 2020 to 15% in 2024-25. But unlike IIM-B’s tech-policy questions, XLRI technology topics focus squarely on ethics: privacy, surveillance, algorithmic bias, and the moral implications of AI. The question isn’t “Should AI be regulated?”—it’s “What do we owe people whose lives are affected by AI decisions?”

XLRI Technology Ethics Topics

Topic Key Ethical Tension XLRI Focus
“The ethical implications of AI in hiring” Efficiency vs. fairness, bias in algorithms Can a machine judge human potential? Who’s accountable for bias?
“Is surveillance capitalism acceptable?” Business model ethics, consent, data as commodity Is attention truly “free” if it’s being monetized?
“Should tech platforms be responsible for user content?” Platform neutrality vs. corporate responsibility Where does free speech end and harm begin?
“Is privacy dead in the digital age?” Convenience vs. privacy, surveillance normalization What are the consequences of a privacy-free world?
“Deepfakes and truth in the digital age” Technology vs. trust, information integrity What happens when seeing is no longer believing?

XLRI Technology Topics: Framework

💡 Tech Ethics Framework for XLRI

1. IDENTIFY THE POWER IMBALANCE: Who has the technology? Who is affected by it? What’s the power differential?

2. TRACE THE ACCOUNTABILITY: When something goes wrong (biased AI, privacy breach), who is responsible? The developer? The company? The regulator?

3. CONSIDER THE VOICELESS: Who can’t opt out? Gig workers tracked by apps? Job seekers screened by AI? Citizens in surveillance cities?

4. PROPOSE ETHICAL GUARDRAILS: What specific actions (use verbs!) can companies, regulators, and individuals take?

High-Value Tech Statistics for XLRI

400%
Deepfake complaints increase (2024)
78%
Companies using AI in hiring (India, 2024)
72%
Transactions now digital in India

Technology Topics: XLRI Practice Bank

XLRI Technology Ethics Topics for Practice
0 of 10 complete
  • “The ethical implications of AI in hiring”
  • “Is surveillance capitalism acceptable?”
  • “Should AI development be regulated?”
  • “Is privacy dead in the digital age?”
  • “Should tech platforms be responsible for user content?”
  • “Is it ethical to track employee productivity digitally?”
  • “Should individuals own their data?”
  • “Will AI democratize or concentrate power?”
  • “Is AI creativity genuine or mere pattern matching?”
  • “Should there be algorithmic transparency laws?”
Coach’s Perspective
Technology ethics is where many candidates fumble at XLRI. They write about AI as if it’s abstract—”algorithms have bias,” “data is the new oil.” XLRI wants you to see the humans behind the technology. When AI rejects a job application, there’s a person who now doesn’t get an interview. When surveillance capitalism harvests attention, there’s a teenager who’s now addicted to scrolling. Make your essay human-centered, not tech-centered. The best XLRI essays on technology ethics sound like they’re written by someone who genuinely cares about the people affected—because they are.

WAT Topics for IIM: How XLRI Differs from IIMs

Students often apply to both XLRI and multiple IIMs, assuming the same essay approach works everywhere. It doesn’t. The same topic at different schools requires fundamentally different treatment. Understanding these differences is crucial for targeted preparation.

XLRI vs. IIMs: Topic Philosophy Comparison

School Topic Style Primary Focus What Evaluators Want
XLRI Ethics-focused, values-based Moral reasoning, stakeholder impact Nuanced ethical position, genuine concern for society
IIM-A Case-based (AWT) Business analysis, recommendations Structured thinking, practical solutions
IIM-B Policy-heavy, governance Logical consistency, STRICT grammar Systems thinking, evidence-based argument
IIM-C Opinion-based, intellectual Clear stance, academic rigor Strong position with logical defense
IIM-L Abstract, metaphorical Creative interpretation Unique perspective, metaphor use
IIM-K Highly abstract, philosophical Original thinking Creativity, unexpected angles

Same Topic, Different Schools: Treatment Comparison

Topic: “Should companies take political stands?”

Focus: Ethics of corporate voice, stakeholder impact, moral responsibility

Sample Thesis: “When Patagonia’s Yvon Chouinard gave away his company to fight climate change, he demonstrated that some issues transcend neutrality. Companies, as powerful societal actors, have an ethical obligation to speak on issues that affect their stakeholders—but this voice must be grounded in genuine values, not marketing calculations.”

Key Elements: Values-based framing, stakeholder ethics, genuine vs. performative stance

Focus: Policy analysis, corporate governance, market implications

Sample Thesis: “The 2020s have seen a marked increase in corporate activism, with mixed results. While Ben & Jerry’s advocacy aligns with brand identity, Disney’s Florida controversy shows the risks of wading into divisive politics. Companies must weigh fiduciary duties against reputational risk.”

Key Elements: Policy framework, governance angle, logical pros/cons analysis

Focus: Clear stance with intellectual defense

Sample Thesis: “Companies should absolutely take political stands—not because it’s safe, but because silence is itself a political position. When EdTech platforms remained silent during NEP debates, their silence signaled comfortable acceptance of status quo. The question isn’t whether to speak, but whether you can afford not to.”

Key Elements: Strong opinion, intellectual argument, clear position early

XLRI-Specific Topic Types (Not Common at IIMs)

⚠️ XLRI-Exclusive Topic Patterns

These topic patterns appear frequently at XLRI but rarely at IIMs:

1. Profit vs. Purpose tensions: “Is profit compatible with purpose?” • “Can business be a force for good?”
2. Workplace dignity questions: “Is the gig economy exploitative?” • “Should companies track employee productivity?”
3. Personal ethics in business: “Should executives be personally liable?” • “Is aggressive tax avoidance ethical?”
4. Social responsibility depth: “Does CSR go far enough?” • “Is philanthropy a substitute for fair wages?”

If you’re preparing for both XLRI and IIMs, allocate separate practice time for XLRI’s ethics-heavy approach.

Format Comparison: XLRI vs. IIMs

Parameter XLRI IIM-A IIM-B IIM-C IIM-L IIM-K IIM-I
Duration 20 min 30 min 20 min 15-20 min 15 min 20 min 10 min
Word Limit 250-300 300-350 250-300 250 200-250 250-300 200
WAT Weightage ~10% 10% 15% 10% 10% ~10% ~10%
PI Reads WAT? Almost Always Usually No Sometimes Often Sometimes Varies Rarely

Unknown Topics WAT: Framework for Any Question

What if you see a topic you’ve never considered? What if you have zero content knowledge? This section provides frameworks to handle any XLRI topic, even completely unfamiliar ones. The key insight: at XLRI, your ethical reasoning matters more than your domain expertise.

The XLRI Unknown Topic Framework

20-Minute Unknown Topic Strategy
Adapted for XLRI’s ethics focus
⏱️ Minutes 1-3
Find the Ethical Core
  • Re-read topic word by word
  • Ask: “What ethical question is this really asking?”
  • Identify stakeholders who are affected
  • Choose ONE interpretation and commit
⏱️ Minutes 4-5
Generate Content Using PESTLE-Ethics
  • Political: Power dynamics, governance implications
  • Economic: Who benefits? Who bears the cost?
  • Social: Community impact, marginalized groups
  • Technological: Digital implications, access
  • Legal: Rights, regulations, accountability
  • Ethical: Values, moral obligations, fairness
⏱️ Minutes 6-17
Write With Structure
  • Hook: “This topic asks us to consider…” (fallback opening)
  • Thesis: Nuanced position acknowledging complexity
  • Body: 2 arguments + 1 example (even general one works)
  • Counter: Acknowledge opposing view
  • Conclusion: Synthesis with specific actions (use verbs!)
⏱️ Minutes 18-20
Review & Polish
  • Check grammar and spelling (critical at XLRI)
  • Verify your ethical stance is clear
  • Ensure conclusion has actionable verbs
  • Underline key points (helps tired evaluator eyes)

The “Yes, And” Principle for Unknown Topics

From improv comedy comes the most powerful principle for unknown topics: never reject what you’re given.

💡 Improv Wisdom for Unknown Topics

“Yes, And…” (Tina Fey, Keith Johnstone)

In improv, saying “no” kills a scene. In WAT, rejecting a topic kills your essay. When you see an unfamiliar topic:

❌ Wrong reaction: “I don’t know anything about this.”
✅ Right reaction: “Yes, this is challenging, AND here’s an angle I can explore…”

Your first thought is usually your strongest. Don’t second-guess for 5 minutes—start writing. A committed mediocre choice beats a hesitant brilliant one.

Emergency Fallback Templates for XLRI

Opening Type Template When to Use
The Ethics Frame “This topic raises a fundamental question about [values/responsibility/fairness]. At its core, we must ask: What do we owe [stakeholder]?” Any unknown XLRI topic
The Stakeholder Open “When considering [topic], we must examine who benefits, who bears the cost, and whether this distribution is just.” Business ethics topics
The Tension Frame “[Topic] presents a tension between [value A] and [value B]. The challenge lies not in choosing one, but in finding synthesis.” Dilemma-style topics
The Safe Universal “This topic invites us to consider the ethical dimensions of [broad theme]. While simple answers are tempting, the reality demands nuance.” Complete content blanks

Content Generation When You Have Zero Knowledge

1
Identify Affected Parties
Every topic has stakeholders. Ask: Who gains? Who loses? Who decides? Who has no voice?

Example: “AI in hiring” → Companies gain efficiency, candidates lose transparency, HR decides, rejected candidates have no voice.
2
Apply Universal Ethics Principles
Fairness: Is the playing field level?
Autonomy: Do people have real choices?
Transparency: Is there hidden information?
Accountability: Who’s responsible when things go wrong?
3
Use Generic But Powerful Examples
Tata Group: Works for any ethics topic
Climate change: Works for any long-term vs. short-term topic
COVID pandemic: Works for any crisis, balance, collective action topic
4
End With Verbs
Even without content, your conclusion can show action-orientation:

“Companies must audit their practices. Regulators should mandate transparency. Individuals can demand accountability.”
Coach’s Perspective
Here’s what I tell students who panic about unknown topics: XLRI isn’t testing what you know—they’re testing how you think. An evaluator would rather read a well-structured, ethically-reasoned essay on a topic you know nothing about than a fact-stuffed mess on a topic you’ve memorized. The frameworks above work precisely because XLRI values moral reasoning over domain expertise. I’ve seen candidates write excellent essays on topics they’d never heard of, simply because they identified the ethical core and reasoned through it carefully. Stop worrying about “not knowing enough.” Start practicing how to find the ethical question hidden in any topic.

Sample Essays That Scored 8+ at XLRI

Let’s see the principles in action. Below are annotated sample essays demonstrating what works at XLRI, plus one example of what doesn’t work. Pay attention to the ethical framing, stakeholder consideration, and actionable conclusions.

Sample Essay 1: “Is profit compatible with purpose?” (8.5/10)

Strong XLRI Essay – With Annotations

When Patagonia’s Yvon Chouinard transferred his $3 billion company to a climate trust in 2022, he answered this question definitively: profit and purpose aren’t just compatible—they’re inseparable for companies that want to endure.

Powerful hook with specific, recent example. Shows awareness of business-ethics intersection.

Yet the question deserves nuance. Milton Friedman’s 1970 dictum that “the business of business is business” still resonates in boardrooms, and not without reason. Shareholders provide capital; they deserve returns.

Acknowledges opposing view immediately. Shows intellectual honesty—not preachy.

The error lies in treating profit and purpose as a binary choice. Consider Tata Steel’s Jamshedpur operations: the company provides healthcare, education, and housing to workers not as charity, but as strategy. Lower attrition, higher productivity, and community goodwill translate directly to long-term profitability. Purpose becomes the engine of sustainable profit.

Indian example (Tata) showing purpose as strategy, not charity. Exactly what XLRI wants.

Critics argue that purpose can mask poor performance—”purpose-washing” as the ethical cousin of greenwashing. This concern is valid: WeWork’s “elevating world consciousness” vision covered spectacular mismanagement. But the solution isn’t abandoning purpose; it’s demanding that purpose have teeth.

Counter-argument with specific example (WeWork). Shows critical thinking, not naivety.

Companies must define measurable purpose metrics, boards must tie executive compensation to stakeholder outcomes, and consumers must reward genuine purpose over marketing slogans. The question isn’t whether profit is compatible with purpose—it’s whether we have the courage to demand both.

Strong conclusion with VERBS: “must define,” “must tie,” “must reward.” Actionable. Memorable closer.

Sample Essay 2: “The ethical implications of AI in hiring” (8/10)

Strong XLRI Essay – With Annotations

When Amazon scrapped its AI recruiting tool in 2018 after discovering it systematically downgraded women’s resumes, it revealed an uncomfortable truth: our algorithms inherit our biases, then scale them.

Specific, relevant example. Immediately establishes the human stakes.

AI in hiring promises efficiency—processing thousands of applications in minutes, eliminating human fatigue and inconsistency. These benefits are real. But efficiency without fairness is not a virtue; it’s an accelerated injustice.

Acknowledges benefits before critique. Balanced, not one-sided. Strong ethical framing in second sentence.

The fundamental problem is accountability. When a human recruiter rejects a candidate, that person can be questioned, trained, or corrected. When an algorithm rejects someone, who answers? The developer who built it? The company that deployed it? The vendor who sold it? This accountability vacuum is ethically untenable.

Identifies the ethical core: accountability. Rhetorical questions drive the point effectively.

Moreover, those most affected—rejected candidates—often have no idea they were screened by AI. They cannot challenge what they cannot see. This information asymmetry violates basic principles of fairness.

Considers the voiceless—exactly what XLRI values. Short, powerful sentence for emphasis.

The path forward requires action on multiple fronts: Companies must audit their AI tools for bias regularly. Regulators must mandate disclosure when AI is used in hiring decisions. Developers must build explainability into their systems. AI can enhance hiring—but only if we ensure it serves human dignity, not just human resources efficiency.

Specific actors + specific actions = Verb Test passed. Powerful closer linking to dignity.

Sample Essay 3: What Doesn’t Work (5/10)

Weak XLRI Essay – With Annotations

According to the Oxford Dictionary, profit is defined as “a financial gain, especially the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent.” Purpose is defined as “the reason for which something is done.”

Dictionary opening = instant eye-roll. Evaluators have read this 50 times already.

In my opinion, profit and purpose can be compatible in some cases but not in others. It really depends on the situation and the company involved.

“In my opinion” = weak. “It depends” = classic fence-sitting. No clear position.

Some companies like various organizations have shown that they can make money while also doing good. Many experts believe that this is the future of business. However, other companies are only focused on profits.

“Various organizations” = no specific example. “Many experts” = vague appeal to authority.

There are both advantages and disadvantages to focusing on purpose. The advantage is that it makes employees happy. The disadvantage is that it might cost more money.

Generic pros/cons with no depth. No ethical framing at all.

In conclusion, both profit and purpose are important for companies. Companies should try to balance both of these aspects. Only time will tell which approach is better.

Non-committal conclusion. No verbs, no actions, no synthesis. “Only time will tell” is surrender.

Key Differences: What Separates 8+ from 5

Element Score 5 Essay Score 8+ Essay
Opening Dictionary definition, generic statement Specific example with ethical hook (Patagonia, Amazon AI)
Thesis “It depends,” “In my opinion,” fence-sitting Nuanced position that acknowledges complexity but takes a stance
Examples “Various companies,” “many experts” Named examples (Tata, WeWork, Amazon) with specific details
Counter-argument Absent or generic “there are disadvantages” Specific opposing view, then thoughtful rebuttal
Ethical framing None—treats topic as business analysis Central—who’s affected, what’s fair, what’s our obligation
Conclusion “Both are important,” “time will tell” Specific actions with verbs: “must,” “should,” “can”
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Key Takeaways
  • 1
    XLRI Tests Moral Reasoning, Not Just Intellect
    As a Jesuit institution, XLRI cares about your values. 85%+ of topics have explicit ethical dimensions. Approach every topic by asking: “What ethical question is this really asking?”
  • 2
    Business Ethics Topics Dominate
    Profit vs. purpose, corporate responsibility, and workplace ethics form the core of XLRI WAT. Master these categories with Indian examples (Tata, Infosys) plus global ones (Patagonia, Enron).
  • 3
    Show Nuance, Not Absolutism
    XLRI wants to see that you understand complexity. Acknowledge opposing views, consider multiple stakeholders, and avoid sounding preachy. “It depends” is weak; nuanced synthesis is strong.
  • 4
    Your WAT Will Be Read Before Your PI
    XLRI panelists almost always review your essay before interviewing you. Don’t write positions you can’t defend verbally. Be prepared to elaborate on your WAT stance with consistency.
  • 5
    End With Verbs
    The Verb Test is especially crucial for XLRI. “Companies must audit,” “Regulators should mandate,” “Individuals can demand.” Action-oriented conclusions show you’re not just philosophizing—you want change.
  • 6
    Use the Unknown Topics Framework
    For any unfamiliar topic, find the ethical core, identify stakeholders, apply universal ethics principles (fairness, accountability, transparency), and use the “Yes, And” mindset. XLRI values reasoning over domain expertise.
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Want Expert Feedback on Your XLRI Essays?
XLRI’s ethics-focused WAT requires calibrated preparation. Get your essays reviewed by coaches who understand what XLRI evaluators actually look for—not just generic WAT feedback.

Frequently Asked Questions

XLRI primarily uses WAT, not traditional GD. However, they sometimes use Group Exercises (GE) which are collaborative problem-solving tasks rather than debates. The same ethical frameworks apply—show that you value team outcomes over individual glory, consider stakeholders, and demonstrate genuine concern for collective success. If there’s a GE component, your behavior matters as much as your contributions: do you listen? Do you build on others’ ideas? Do you help quieter members participate?

Almost always. XLRI values consistency between written and verbal positions. A panelist who sees you wrote passionately about “purpose over profit” may ask: “Your essay mentioned Patagonia—how would you react if your company asked you to compromise on ethics for quarterly targets?” Be prepared to defend your WAT positions. Don’t write things you can’t discuss intelligently. If you took a strong stance, be ready to explain your reasoning and acknowledge legitimate counter-arguments.

No—they can tell. XLRI evaluators have read thousands of essays. They can distinguish genuine ethical reasoning from performative virtue signaling. Don’t say what you think they want to hear; say what you actually believe, then reason through it carefully. It’s okay to acknowledge that profit matters, that tough decisions have no clean answers, that you’re uncertain about some aspects. Intellectual honesty scores higher than ethical posturing. The worst thing you can do is sound preachy or self-righteous.

If XLRI is among your top choices, allocate 8-10 essays specifically for XLRI-style topics, separate from your IIM preparation. Focus on: 3-4 business ethics topics, 2-3 social responsibility topics, 2-3 technology ethics topics. Get these reviewed by someone who understands XLRI’s ethos—generic WAT feedback won’t help you calibrate the ethics angle. After 3-4 essays, patterns become clear. Quality of feedback matters more than quantity of essays.

Use the Unknown Topics framework above. Remember: XLRI tests how you think, not what you know. If you get “Should whistleblowers be protected?” and know nothing about recent cases, you can still reason through: Who are the stakeholders? What are the ethical principles at play (truth vs. loyalty, individual courage vs. institutional stability)? What would a just system look like? Use general examples (Enron whistleblower, generic corporate fraud scenarios) and focus on your ethical reasoning. A well-reasoned essay on an unfamiliar topic beats a fact-stuffed mess on a familiar one.

XLRI is strict on grammar, though perhaps not as notoriously as IIM-B. Good grammar signals professionalism and care—qualities XLRI values. More importantly, grammatical errors distract from your ethical reasoning, which is what you want evaluators to focus on. Proofread carefully, especially the first paragraph (where first impressions form) and your conclusion (recency effect). Common errors that hurt: run-on sentences, subject-verb agreement, tense inconsistency, and comma splices. If grammar is a weakness, practice specifically and get feedback.

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